mattercontrol/DataStorage/SQLiteWin32.cs

//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2012 Krueger Systems, Inc.
// 
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Threading;

#if USE_CSHARP_SQLITE
using Community.CsharpSqlite;
using Sqlite3DatabaseHandle = Community.CsharpSqlite.Sqlite3.sqlite3;
using Sqlite3Statement = Community.CsharpSqlite.Sqlite3.Vdbe;
#else
using Sqlite3DatabaseHandle = System.IntPtr;
using Sqlite3Statement = System.IntPtr;
#endif

using MatterHackers.MatterControl.DataStorage;

namespace SQLiteWin32
{
    public class SQLiteException : System.Exception
    {
        public SQLite3.Result Result { get; private set; }

        protected SQLiteException(SQLite3.Result r, string message)
            : base(message)
        {
            Result = r;
        }

        public static SQLiteException New(SQLite3.Result r, string message)
        {
            return new SQLiteException(r, message);
        }
    }

    [Flags]
    public enum SQLiteOpenFlags
    {
        ReadOnly = 1, ReadWrite = 2, Create = 4,
        NoMutex = 0x8000, FullMutex = 0x10000,
        SharedCache = 0x20000, PrivateCache = 0x40000,
        ProtectionComplete = 0x00100000,
        ProtectionCompleteUnlessOpen = 0x00200000,
        ProtectionCompleteUntilFirstUserAuthentication = 0x00300000,
        ProtectionNone = 0x00400000
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents an open connection to a SQLite database.
    /// </summary>
    public partial class SQLiteConnection : IDisposable, ISQLite
    {
        private bool _open;
        private TimeSpan _busyTimeout;
        private Dictionary<string, TableMapping> _mappings = null;
        private Dictionary<string, TableMapping> _tables = null;
        private System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch _sw;
        private long _elapsedMilliseconds = 0;

        private int _trasactionDepth = 0;
        private Random _rand = new Random();

        public Sqlite3DatabaseHandle Handle { get; private set; }
#if USE_CSHARP_SQLITE
		internal static readonly Sqlite3DatabaseHandle NullHandle = null;
#else
        internal static readonly Sqlite3DatabaseHandle NullHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
#endif

        public string DatabasePath { get; private set; }

        public bool TimeExecution { get; set; }

        public bool Trace { get; set; }

        public bool StoreDateTimeAsTicks { get; private set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs a new SQLiteConnection and opens a SQLite database specified by databasePath.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="databasePath">
        /// Specifies the path to the database file.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="storeDateTimeAsTicks">
        /// Specifies whether to store DateTime properties as ticks (true) or strings (false). You
        /// absolutely do want to store them as Ticks in all new projects. The default of false is
        /// only here for backwards compatibility. There is a *significant* speed advantage, with no
        /// down sides, when setting storeDateTimeAsTicks = true.
        /// </param>
        public SQLiteConnection(string databasePath, bool storeDateTimeAsTicks = false)
            : this(databasePath, SQLiteOpenFlags.ReadWrite | SQLiteOpenFlags.Create, storeDateTimeAsTicks)
        {
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs a new SQLiteConnection and opens a SQLite database specified by databasePath.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="databasePath">
        /// Specifies the path to the database file.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="storeDateTimeAsTicks">
        /// Specifies whether to store DateTime properties as ticks (true) or strings (false). You
        /// absolutely do want to store them as Ticks in all new projects. The default of false is
        /// only here for backwards compatibility. There is a *significant* speed advantage, with no
        /// down sides, when setting storeDateTimeAsTicks = true.
        /// </param>
        public SQLiteConnection(string databasePath, SQLiteOpenFlags openFlags, bool storeDateTimeAsTicks = false)
        {
            DatabasePath = databasePath;

#if NETFX_CORE
			SQLite3.SetDirectory(/*temp directory type*/2, Windows.Storage.ApplicationData.Current.TemporaryFolder.Path);
#endif

            Sqlite3DatabaseHandle handle;

#if SILVERLIGHT || USE_CSHARP_SQLITE
            var r = SQLite3.Open (databasePath, out handle, (int)openFlags, IntPtr.Zero);
#else
            // open using the byte[]
            // in the case where the path may include Unicode
            // force open to using UTF-8 using sqlite3_open_v2
            var databasePathAsBytes = GetNullTerminatedUtf8(DatabasePath);
            var r = SQLite3.Open(databasePathAsBytes, out handle, (int)openFlags, IntPtr.Zero);
#endif

            Handle = handle;
            if (r != SQLite3.Result.OK)
            {
                throw SQLiteException.New(r, String.Format("Could not open database file: {0} ({1})", DatabasePath, r));
            }
            _open = true;

            StoreDateTimeAsTicks = storeDateTimeAsTicks;

            BusyTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.1);
        }

        static SQLiteConnection()
        {
            if (_preserveDuringLinkMagic)
            {
                var ti = new ColumnInfo();
                ti.Name = "magic";
            }
        }

        static byte[] GetNullTerminatedUtf8(string s)
        {
            var utf8Length = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(s);
            var bytes = new byte[utf8Length + 1];
            utf8Length = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s, 0, s.Length, bytes, 0);
            return bytes;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Used to list some code that we want the MonoTouch linker
        /// to see, but that we never want to actually execute.
        /// </summary>
        static bool _preserveDuringLinkMagic = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// Sets a busy handler to sleep the specified amount of time when a table is locked.
        /// The handler will sleep multiple times until a total time of <see cref="BusyTimeout"/> has accumulated.
        /// </summary>
        public TimeSpan BusyTimeout
        {
            get { return _busyTimeout; }
            set
            {
                _busyTimeout = value;
                if (Handle != NullHandle)
                {
                    SQLite3.BusyTimeout(Handle, (int)_busyTimeout.TotalMilliseconds);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the mappings from types to tables that the connection
        /// currently understands.
        /// </summary>
        public IEnumerable<TableMapping> TableMappings
        {
            get
            {
                if (_tables == null)
                {
                    return Enumerable.Empty<TableMapping>();
                }
                else
                {
                    return _tables.Values;
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the mapping that is automatically generated for the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="type">
        /// The type whose mapping to the database is returned.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The mapping represents the schema of the columns of the database and contains 
        /// methods to set and get properties of objects.
        /// </returns>
        public TableMapping GetMapping(Type type)
        {
            if (_mappings == null)
            {
                _mappings = new Dictionary<string, TableMapping>();
            }
            TableMapping map;
            if (!_mappings.TryGetValue(type.FullName, out map))
            {
                map = new TableMapping(type);
                _mappings[type.FullName] = map;
            }
            return map;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Retrieves the mapping that is automatically generated for the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// The mapping represents the schema of the columns of the database and contains 
        /// methods to set and get properties of objects.
        /// </returns>
        public TableMapping GetMapping<T>()
        {
            return GetMapping(typeof(T));
        }

        private struct IndexedColumn
        {
            public int Order;
            public string ColumnName;
        }

        private struct IndexInfo
        {
            public string IndexName;
            public string TableName;
            public bool Unique;
            public List<IndexedColumn> Columns;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes a "drop table" on the database.  This is non-recoverable.
        /// </summary>
        public int DropTable<T>()
        {
            return DropTable(typeof(T));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes a "drop table" on the database.  This is non-recoverable.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ty">Type to reflect to a database table.</param>
        public int DropTable(Type ty)
        {   
            TableMapping map = GetMapping(ty);
            var query = string.Format("drop table if exists \"{0}\"", map.TableName);

            return Execute(query);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes a "create table if not exists" on the database. It also
        /// creates any specified indexes on the columns of the table. It uses
        /// a schema automatically generated from the specified type. You can
        /// later access this schema by calling GetMapping.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of entries added to the database schema.
        /// </returns>
        public int CreateTable<T>()
        {
            return CreateTable(typeof(T));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes a "create table if not exists" on the database. It also
        /// creates any specified indexes on the columns of the table. It uses
        /// a schema automatically generated from the specified type. You can
        /// later access this schema by calling GetMapping.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ty">Type to reflect to a database table.</param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of entries added to the database schema.
        /// </returns>
        public int CreateTable(Type ty)
        {
            if (_tables == null)
            {
                _tables = new Dictionary<string, TableMapping>();
            }
            TableMapping map;
            if (!_tables.TryGetValue(ty.FullName, out map))
            {
                map = GetMapping(ty);
                _tables.Add(ty.FullName, map);
            }
            var query = "create table if not exists \"" + map.TableName + "\"(\n";

            var decls = map.Columns.Select(p => Orm.SqlDecl(p, StoreDateTimeAsTicks));
            var decl = string.Join(",\n", decls.ToArray());
            query += decl;
            query += ")";

            var count = Execute(query);

            if (count == 0)
            { //Possible bug: This always seems to return 0?
                // Table already exists, migrate it
                MigrateTable(map);
            }

            var indexes = new Dictionary<string, IndexInfo>();
            foreach (var c in map.Columns)
            {
                foreach (var i in c.Indices)
                {
                    var iname = i.Name ?? map.TableName + "_" + c.Name;
                    IndexInfo iinfo;
                    if (!indexes.TryGetValue(iname, out iinfo))
                    {
                        iinfo = new IndexInfo
                        {
                            IndexName = iname,
                            TableName = map.TableName,
                            Unique = i.Unique,
                            Columns = new List<IndexedColumn>()
                        };
                        indexes.Add(iname, iinfo);
                    }

                    if (i.Unique != iinfo.Unique)
                        throw new Exception("All the columns in an index must have the same value for their Unique property");

                    iinfo.Columns.Add(new IndexedColumn
                    {
                        Order = i.Order,
                        ColumnName = c.Name
                    });
                }
            }

            foreach (var indexName in indexes.Keys)
            {
                var index = indexes[indexName];
                const string sqlFormat = "create {3} index if not exists \"{0}\" on \"{1}\"(\"{2}\")";
                var columns = String.Join("\",\"", index.Columns.OrderBy(i => i.Order).Select(i => i.ColumnName).ToArray());
                var sql = String.Format(sqlFormat, indexName, index.TableName, columns, index.Unique ? "unique" : "");
                count += Execute(sql);
            }

            return count;
        }

        public class ColumnInfo
        {
            //			public int cid { get; set; }

            [Column("name")]
            public string Name { get; set; }

            //			[Column ("type")]
            //			public string ColumnType { get; set; }

            //			public int notnull { get; set; }

            //			public string dflt_value { get; set; }

            //			public int pk { get; set; }

            public override string ToString()
            {
                return Name;
            }
        }

        public IEnumerable<ColumnInfo> GetTableInfo(string tableName)
        {
            var query = "pragma table_info(\"" + tableName + "\")";
            return Query<ColumnInfo>(query);
        }

        void MigrateTable(TableMapping map)
        {
            var existingCols = GetTableInfo(map.TableName);

            var toBeAdded = new List<TableMapping.Column>();

            foreach (var p in map.Columns)
            {
                var found = false;
                foreach (var c in existingCols)
                {
                    found = (string.Compare(p.Name, c.Name, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) == 0);
                    if (found)
                        break;
                }
                if (!found)
                {
                    toBeAdded.Add(p);
                }
            }

            foreach (var p in toBeAdded)
            {
                var addCol = "alter table \"" + map.TableName + "\" add column " + Orm.SqlDecl(p, StoreDateTimeAsTicks);
                Execute(addCol);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new SQLiteCommand. Can be overridden to provide a sub-class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <seealso cref="SQLiteCommand.OnInstanceCreated"/>
        protected virtual SQLiteCommand NewCommand()
        {
            return new SQLiteCommand(this);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new SQLiteCommand given the command text with arguments. Place a '?'
        /// in the command text for each of the arguments.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmdText">
        /// The fully escaped SQL.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// Arguments to substitute for the occurences of '?' in the command text.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// A <see cref="SQLiteCommand"/>
        /// </returns>
        public SQLiteCommand CreateCommand(string cmdText, params object[] ps)
        {
            if (!_open)
            {
                throw SQLiteException.New(SQLite3.Result.Error, "Cannot create commands from unopened database");
            }
            else
            {
                var cmd = NewCommand();
                cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
                foreach (var o in ps)
                {
                    cmd.Bind(o);
                }
                return cmd;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a SQLiteCommand given the command text (SQL) with arguments. Place a '?'
        /// in the command text for each of the arguments and then executes that command.
        /// Use this method instead of Query when you don't expect rows back. Such cases include
        /// INSERTs, UPDATEs, and DELETEs.
        /// You can set the Trace or TimeExecution properties of the connection
        /// to profile execution.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">
        /// The fully escaped SQL.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// Arguments to substitute for the occurences of '?' in the query.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows modified in the database as a result of this execution.
        /// </returns>
        public int Execute(string query, params object[] args)
        {
            var cmd = CreateCommand(query, args);

            if (TimeExecution)
            {
                if (_sw == null)
                {
                    _sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
                }
                _sw.Reset();
                _sw.Start();
            }

            var r = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

            if (TimeExecution)
            {
                _sw.Stop();
                _elapsedMilliseconds += _sw.ElapsedMilliseconds;
                Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Finished in {0} ms ({1:0.0} s total)", _sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, _elapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0));
            }

            return r;
        }

        public T ExecuteScalar<T>(string query, params object[] args)
        {
            var cmd = CreateCommand(query, args);

            if (TimeExecution)
            {
                if (_sw == null)
                {
                    _sw = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
                }
                _sw.Reset();
                _sw.Start();
            }

            var r = cmd.ExecuteScalar<T>();

            if (TimeExecution)
            {
                _sw.Stop();
                _elapsedMilliseconds += _sw.ElapsedMilliseconds;
                Debug.WriteLine(string.Format("Finished in {0} ms ({1:0.0} s total)", _sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, _elapsedMilliseconds / 1000.0));
            }

            return r;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a SQLiteCommand given the command text (SQL) with arguments. Place a '?'
        /// in the command text for each of the arguments and then executes that command.
        /// It returns each row of the result using the mapping automatically generated for
        /// the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">
        /// The fully escaped SQL.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// Arguments to substitute for the occurences of '?' in the query.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// An enumerable with one result for each row returned by the query.
        /// </returns>
        public List<T> Query<T>(string query, params object[] args) where T : new()
        {
            var cmd = CreateCommand(query, args);
            return cmd.ExecuteQuery<T>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a SQLiteCommand given the command text (SQL) with arguments. Place a '?'
        /// in the command text for each of the arguments and then executes that command.
        /// It returns each row of the result using the mapping automatically generated for
        /// the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="query">
        /// The fully escaped SQL.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// Arguments to substitute for the occurences of '?' in the query.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// An enumerable with one result for each row returned by the query.
        /// The enumerator will call sqlite3_step on each call to MoveNext, so the database
        /// connection must remain open for the lifetime of the enumerator.
        /// </returns>
        public IEnumerable<T> DeferredQuery<T>(string query, params object[] args) where T : new()
        {
            var cmd = CreateCommand(query, args);
            return cmd.ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a SQLiteCommand given the command text (SQL) with arguments. Place a '?'
        /// in the command text for each of the arguments and then executes that command.
        /// It returns each row of the result using the specified mapping. This function is
        /// only used by libraries in order to query the database via introspection. It is
        /// normally not used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="map">
        /// A <see cref="TableMapping"/> to use to convert the resulting rows
        /// into objects.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="query">
        /// The fully escaped SQL.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// Arguments to substitute for the occurences of '?' in the query.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// An enumerable with one result for each row returned by the query.
        /// </returns>
        public List<object> Query(TableMapping map, string query, params object[] args)
        {
            var cmd = CreateCommand(query, args);
            return cmd.ExecuteQuery<object>(map);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a SQLiteCommand given the command text (SQL) with arguments. Place a '?'
        /// in the command text for each of the arguments and then executes that command.
        /// It returns each row of the result using the specified mapping. This function is
        /// only used by libraries in order to query the database via introspection. It is
        /// normally not used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="map">
        /// A <see cref="TableMapping"/> to use to convert the resulting rows
        /// into objects.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="query">
        /// The fully escaped SQL.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="args">
        /// Arguments to substitute for the occurences of '?' in the query.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// An enumerable with one result for each row returned by the query.
        /// The enumerator will call sqlite3_step on each call to MoveNext, so the database
        /// connection must remain open for the lifetime of the enumerator.
        /// </returns>
        public IEnumerable<object> DeferredQuery(TableMapping map, string query, params object[] args)
        {
            var cmd = CreateCommand(query, args);
            return cmd.ExecuteDeferredQuery<object>(map);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Returns a queryable interface to the table represented by the given type.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// A queryable object that is able to translate Where, OrderBy, and Take
        /// queries into native SQL.
        /// </returns>
        public ITableQuery<T> Table<T>() where T : new()
        {
            return new TableQuery<T>(this);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to retrieve an object with the given primary key from the table
        /// associated with the specified type. Use of this method requires that
        /// the given type have a designated PrimaryKey (using the PrimaryKeyAttribute).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pk">
        /// The primary key.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The object with the given primary key. Throws a not found exception
        /// if the object is not found.
        /// </returns>
        public T Get<T>(object pk) where T : new()
        {
            var map = GetMapping(typeof(T));
            return Query<T>(map.GetByPrimaryKeySql, pk).First();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to retrieve the first object that matches the predicate from the table
        /// associated with the specified type. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">
        /// A predicate for which object to find.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The object that matches the given predicate. Throws a not found exception
        /// if the object is not found.
        /// </returns>
        public T Get<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) where T : new()
        {
            return Table<T>().Where(predicate).First();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to retrieve an object with the given primary key from the table
        /// associated with the specified type. Use of this method requires that
        /// the given type have a designated PrimaryKey (using the PrimaryKeyAttribute).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pk">
        /// The primary key.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The object with the given primary key or null
        /// if the object is not found.
        /// </returns>
        public T Find<T>(object pk) where T : new()
        {
            var map = GetMapping(typeof(T));
            return Query<T>(map.GetByPrimaryKeySql, pk).FirstOrDefault();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to retrieve an object with the given primary key from the table
        /// associated with the specified type. Use of this method requires that
        /// the given type have a designated PrimaryKey (using the PrimaryKeyAttribute).
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="pk">
        /// The primary key.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="map">
        /// The TableMapping used to identify the object type.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The object with the given primary key or null
        /// if the object is not found.
        /// </returns>
        public object Find(object pk, TableMapping map)
        {
            return Query(map, map.GetByPrimaryKeySql, pk).FirstOrDefault();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Attempts to retrieve the first object that matches the predicate from the table
        /// associated with the specified type. 
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="predicate">
        /// A predicate for which object to find.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The object that matches the given predicate or null
        /// if the object is not found.
        /// </returns>
        public T Find<T>(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) where T : new()
        {
            return Table<T>().Where(predicate).FirstOrDefault();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Whether <see cref="BeginTransaction"/> has been called and the database is waiting for a <see cref="Commit"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public bool IsInTransaction
        {
            get { return _trasactionDepth > 0; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Begins a new transaction. Call <see cref="Commit"/> to end the transaction.
        /// </summary>
        /// <example cref="System.InvalidOperationException">Throws if a transaction has already begun.</example>
        public void BeginTransaction()
        {
            // The BEGIN command only works if the transaction stack is empty, 
            //    or in other words if there are no pending transactions. 
            // If the transaction stack is not empty when the BEGIN command is invoked, 
            //    then the command fails with an error.
            // Rather than crash with an error, we will just ignore calls to BeginTransaction
            //    that would result in an error.
            if (Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _trasactionDepth, 1, 0) == 0)
            {
                try
                {
                    Execute("begin transaction");
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    var sqlExp = ex as SQLiteException;
                    if (sqlExp != null)
                    {
                        // It is recommended that applications respond to the errors listed below 
                        //    by explicitly issuing a ROLLBACK command.
                        // TODO: This rollback failsafe should be localized to all throw sites.
                        switch (sqlExp.Result)
                        {
                            case SQLite3.Result.IOError:
                            case SQLite3.Result.Full:
                            case SQLite3.Result.Busy:
                            case SQLite3.Result.NoMem:
                            case SQLite3.Result.Interrupt:
                                RollbackTo(null, true);
                                break;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        // Call decrement and not VolatileWrite in case we've already 
                        //    created a transaction point in SaveTransactionPoint since the catch.
                        Interlocked.Decrement(ref _trasactionDepth);
                    }

                    throw;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                // Calling BeginTransaction on an already open transaction is invalid
                throw new System.InvalidOperationException("Cannot begin a transaction while already in a transaction.");
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a savepoint in the database at the current point in the transaction timeline.
        /// Begins a new transaction if one is not in progress.
        /// 
        /// Call <see cref="RollbackTo"/> to undo transactions since the returned savepoint.
        /// Call <see cref="Release"/> to commit transactions after the savepoint returned here.
        /// Call <see cref="Commit"/> to end the transaction, committing all changes.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>A string naming the savepoint.</returns>
        public string SaveTransactionPoint()
        {
            int depth = Interlocked.Increment(ref _trasactionDepth) - 1;
            string retVal = "S" + (short)_rand.Next(short.MaxValue) + "D" + depth;

            try
            {
                Execute("savepoint " + retVal);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                var sqlExp = ex as SQLiteException;
                if (sqlExp != null)
                {
                    // It is recommended that applications respond to the errors listed below 
                    //    by explicitly issuing a ROLLBACK command.
                    // TODO: This rollback failsafe should be localized to all throw sites.
                    switch (sqlExp.Result)
                    {
                        case SQLite3.Result.IOError:
                        case SQLite3.Result.Full:
                        case SQLite3.Result.Busy:
                        case SQLite3.Result.NoMem:
                        case SQLite3.Result.Interrupt:
                            RollbackTo(null, true);
                            break;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    Interlocked.Decrement(ref _trasactionDepth);
                }

                throw;
            }

            return retVal;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Rolls back the transaction that was begun by <see cref="BeginTransaction"/> or <see cref="SaveTransactionPoint"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public void Rollback()
        {
            RollbackTo(null, false);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Rolls back the savepoint created by <see cref="BeginTransaction"/> or SaveTransactionPoint.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="savepoint">The name of the savepoint to roll back to, as returned by <see cref="SaveTransactionPoint"/>.  If savepoint is null or empty, this method is equivalent to a call to <see cref="Rollback"/></param>
        public void RollbackTo(string savepoint)
        {
            RollbackTo(savepoint, false);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Rolls back the transaction that was begun by <see cref="BeginTransaction"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="noThrow">true to avoid throwing exceptions, false otherwise</param>
        private void RollbackTo(string savepoint, bool noThrow)
        {
            // Rolling back without a TO clause rolls backs all transactions 
            //    and leaves the transaction stack empty.   
            try
            {
                if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(savepoint))
                {
                    if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _trasactionDepth, 0) > 0)
                    {
                        Execute("rollback");
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    DoSavePointExecute(savepoint, "rollback to ");
                }
            }
            catch (SQLiteException)
            {
                if (!noThrow)
                    throw;

            }
            // No need to rollback if there are no transactions open.
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Releases a savepoint returned from <see cref="SaveTransactionPoint"/>.  Releasing a savepoint 
        ///    makes changes since that savepoint permanent if the savepoint began the transaction,
        ///    or otherwise the changes are permanent pending a call to <see cref="Commit"/>.
        /// 
        /// The RELEASE command is like a COMMIT for a SAVEPOINT.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="savepoint">The name of the savepoint to release.  The string should be the result of a call to <see cref="SaveTransactionPoint"/></param>
        public void Release(string savepoint)
        {
            DoSavePointExecute(savepoint, "release ");
        }

        private void DoSavePointExecute(string savepoint, string cmd)
        {
            // Validate the savepoint
            int firstLen = savepoint.IndexOf('D');
            if (firstLen >= 2 && savepoint.Length > firstLen + 1)
            {
                int depth;
                if (Int32.TryParse(savepoint.Substring(firstLen + 1), out depth))
                {
                    // TODO: Mild race here, but inescapable without locking almost everywhere.
                    if (0 <= depth && depth < _trasactionDepth)
                    {
#if NETFX_CORE
                        Volatile.Write (ref _trasactionDepth, depth);
#elif SILVERLIGHT
						_trasactionDepth = depth;
#else
                        Thread.VolatileWrite(ref _trasactionDepth, depth);
#endif
                        Execute(cmd + savepoint);
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }

            throw new ArgumentException("savePoint", "savePoint is not valid, and should be the result of a call to SaveTransactionPoint.");
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Commits the transaction that was begun by <see cref="BeginTransaction"/>.
        /// </summary>
        public void Commit()
        {
            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _trasactionDepth, 0) != 0)
            {
                Execute("commit");
            }
            // Do nothing on a commit with no open transaction
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes <param name="action"> within a (possibly nested) transaction by wrapping it in a SAVEPOINT. If an
        /// exception occurs the whole transaction is rolled back, not just the current savepoint. The exception
        /// is rethrown.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="action">
        /// The <see cref="Action"/> to perform within a transaction. <param name="action"> can contain any number
        /// of operations on the connection but should never call <see cref="BeginTransaction"/> or
        /// <see cref="Commit"/>.
        /// </param>
        public void RunInTransaction(Action action)
        {
            try
            {
                var savePoint = SaveTransactionPoint();
                action();
                Release(savePoint);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                Rollback();
                throw;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts all specified objects.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="objects">
        /// An <see cref="IEnumerable"/> of the objects to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int InsertAll(System.Collections.IEnumerable objects)
        {
            var c = 0;
            RunInTransaction(() =>
            {
                foreach (var r in objects)
                {
                    c += Insert(r);
                }
            });
            return c;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts all specified objects.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="objects">
        /// An <see cref="IEnumerable"/> of the objects to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="extra">
        /// Literal SQL code that gets placed into the command. INSERT {extra} INTO ...
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int InsertAll(System.Collections.IEnumerable objects, string extra)
        {
            var c = 0;
            RunInTransaction(() =>
            {
                foreach (var r in objects)
                {
                    c += Insert(r, extra);
                }
            });
            return c;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts all specified objects.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="objects">
        /// An <see cref="IEnumerable"/> of the objects to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="objType">
        /// The type of object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int InsertAll(System.Collections.IEnumerable objects, Type objType)
        {
            var c = 0;
            RunInTransaction(() =>
            {
                foreach (var r in objects)
                {
                    c += Insert(r, objType);
                }
            });
            return c;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the given object and retrieves its
        /// auto incremented primary key if it has one.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int Insert(object obj)
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            return Insert(obj, "", obj.GetType());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the given object and retrieves its
        /// auto incremented primary key if it has one.
        /// If a UNIQUE constraint violation occurs with
        /// some pre-existing object, this function deletes
        /// the old object.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows modified.
        /// </returns>
        public int InsertOrReplace(object obj)
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            return Insert(obj, "OR REPLACE", obj.GetType());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the given object and retrieves its
        /// auto incremented primary key if it has one.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="objType">
        /// The type of object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int Insert(object obj, Type objType)
        {
            return Insert(obj, "", objType);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the given object and retrieves its
        /// auto incremented primary key if it has one.
        /// If a UNIQUE constraint violation occurs with
        /// some pre-existing object, this function deletes
        /// the old object.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="objType">
        /// The type of object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows modified.
        /// </returns>
        public int InsertOrReplace(object obj, Type objType)
        {
            return Insert(obj, "OR REPLACE", objType);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the given object and retrieves its
        /// auto incremented primary key if it has one.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="extra">
        /// Literal SQL code that gets placed into the command. INSERT {extra} INTO ...
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int Insert(object obj, string extra)
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            return Insert(obj, extra, obj.GetType());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Inserts the given object and retrieves its
        /// auto incremented primary key if it has one.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="extra">
        /// Literal SQL code that gets placed into the command. INSERT {extra} INTO ...
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="objType">
        /// The type of object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows added to the table.
        /// </returns>
        public int Insert(object obj, string extra, Type objType)
        {
            if (obj == null || objType == null)
            {
                return 0;
            }

            var map = GetMapping(objType);

            var replacing = string.Compare(extra, "OR REPLACE", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) == 0;

            var cols = replacing ? map.InsertOrReplaceColumns : map.InsertColumns;
            var vals = new object[cols.Length];
            for (var i = 0; i < vals.Length; i++)
            {
                vals[i] = cols[i].GetValue(obj);
            }

            var insertCmd = map.GetInsertCommand(this, extra);
            var count = insertCmd.ExecuteNonQuery(vals);

            if (map.HasAutoIncPK)
            {
                var id = SQLite3.LastInsertRowid(Handle);
                map.SetAutoIncPK(obj, id);
            }

            return count;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates all of the columns of a table using the specified object
        /// except for its primary key.
        /// The object is required to have a primary key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to update. It must have a primary key designated using the PrimaryKeyAttribute.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows updated.
        /// </returns>
        public int Update(object obj)
        {
            if (obj == null)
            {
                return 0;
            }
            return Update(obj, obj.GetType());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates all of the columns of a table using the specified object
        /// except for its primary key.
        /// The object is required to have a primary key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="obj">
        /// The object to update. It must have a primary key designated using the PrimaryKeyAttribute.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="objType">
        /// The type of object to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows updated.
        /// </returns>
        public int Update(object obj, Type objType)
        {
            if (obj == null || objType == null)
            {
                return 0;
            }

            var map = GetMapping(objType);

            var pk = map.PK;

            if (pk == null)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot update " + map.TableName + ": it has no PK");
            }

            var cols = from p in map.Columns
                       where p != pk
                       select p;
            var vals = from c in cols
                       select c.GetValue(obj);
            var ps = new List<object>(vals);
            ps.Add(pk.GetValue(obj));
            var q = string.Format("update \"{0}\" set {1} where {2} = ? ", map.TableName, string.Join(",", (from c in cols
                                                                                                            select "\"" + c.Name + "\" = ? ").ToArray()), pk.Name);
            return Execute(q, ps.ToArray());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Updates all specified objects.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="objects">
        /// An <see cref="IEnumerable"/> of the objects to insert.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows modified.
        /// </returns>
        public int UpdateAll(System.Collections.IEnumerable objects)
        {
            var c = 0;
            RunInTransaction(() =>
            {
                foreach (var r in objects)
                {
                    c += Update(r);
                }
            });
            return c;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Deletes the given object from the database using its primary key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="objectToDelete">
        /// The object to delete. It must have a primary key designated using the PrimaryKeyAttribute.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of rows deleted.
        /// </returns>
        public int Delete(object objectToDelete)
        {
            var map = GetMapping(objectToDelete.GetType());
            var pk = map.PK;
            if (pk == null)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot delete " + map.TableName + ": it has no PK");
            }
            var q = string.Format("delete from \"{0}\" where \"{1}\" = ?", map.TableName, pk.Name);
            return Execute(q, pk.GetValue(objectToDelete));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Deletes the object with the specified primary key.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="primaryKey">
        /// The primary key of the object to delete.
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of objects deleted.
        /// </returns>
        /// <typeparam name='T'>
        /// The type of object.
        /// </typeparam>
        public int Delete<T>(object primaryKey)
        {
            var map = GetMapping(typeof(T));
            var pk = map.PK;
            if (pk == null)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot delete " + map.TableName + ": it has no PK");
            }
            var q = string.Format("delete from \"{0}\" where \"{1}\" = ?", map.TableName, pk.Name);
            return Execute(q, primaryKey);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Deletes all the objects from the specified table.
        /// WARNING WARNING: Let me repeat. It deletes ALL the objects from the
        /// specified table. Do you really want to do that?
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>
        /// The number of objects deleted.
        /// </returns>
        /// <typeparam name='T'>
        /// The type of objects to delete.
        /// </typeparam>
        public int DeleteAll<T>()
        {
            var map = GetMapping(typeof(T));
            var query = string.Format("delete from \"{0}\"", map.TableName);
            return Execute(query);
        }

        ~SQLiteConnection()
        {
            Dispose(false);
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            Close();
        }

        public void Close()
        {
            if (_open && Handle != NullHandle)
            {
                try
                {
                    if (_mappings != null)
                    {
                        foreach (var sqlInsertCommand in _mappings.Values)
                        {
                            sqlInsertCommand.Dispose();
                        }
                    }
                    var r = SQLite3.Close(Handle);
                    if (r != SQLite3.Result.OK)
                    {
                        string msg = SQLite3.GetErrmsg(Handle);
                        throw SQLiteException.New(r, msg);
                    }
                }
                finally
                {
                    Handle = NullHandle;
                    _open = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a parsed connection string.
    /// </summary>
    class SQLiteConnectionString
    {
        public string ConnectionString { get; private set; }
        public string DatabasePath { get; private set; }
        public bool StoreDateTimeAsTicks { get; private set; }

#if NETFX_CORE
		static readonly string MetroStyleDataPath = Windows.Storage.ApplicationData.Current.LocalFolder.Path;
#endif

        public SQLiteConnectionString(string databasePath, bool storeDateTimeAsTicks)
        {
            ConnectionString = databasePath;
            StoreDateTimeAsTicks = storeDateTimeAsTicks;

#if NETFX_CORE
			DatabasePath = System.IO.Path.Combine (MetroStyleDataPath, databasePath);
#else
            DatabasePath = databasePath;
#endif
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class)]
    public class TableAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public TableAttribute(string name)
        {
            Name = name;
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
    public class ColumnAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public ColumnAttribute(string name)
        {
            Name = name;
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
    public class IgnoreAttribute : Attribute
    {
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
    public class UniqueAttribute : IndexedAttribute
    {
        public override bool Unique
        {
            get { return true; }
            set { /* throw?  */ }
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
    public class MaxLengthAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public int Value { get; private set; }

        public MaxLengthAttribute(int length)
        {
            Value = length;
        }
    }

    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
    public class CollationAttribute : Attribute
    {
        public string Value { get; private set; }

        public CollationAttribute(string collation)
        {
            Value = collation;
        }
    }

    public class TableMapping
    {
        public Type MappedType { get; private set; }

        public string TableName { get; private set; }

        public Column[] Columns { get; private set; }

        public Column PK { get; private set; }

        public string GetByPrimaryKeySql { get; private set; }

        Column _autoPk = null;
        Column[] _insertColumns = null;
        Column[] _insertOrReplaceColumns = null;

        public TableMapping(Type type)
        {
            MappedType = type;

#if NETFX_CORE
			var tableAttr = (TableAttribute)System.Reflection.CustomAttributeExtensions
                .GetCustomAttribute(type.GetTypeInfo(), typeof(TableAttribute), true);
#else
            var tableAttr = (TableAttribute)type.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TableAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault();
#endif

            TableName = tableAttr != null ? tableAttr.Name : MappedType.Name;

#if !NETFX_CORE
            var props = MappedType.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.SetProperty);
#else
			var props = from p in MappedType.GetRuntimeProperties()
						where ((p.GetMethod != null && p.GetMethod.IsPublic) || (p.SetMethod != null && p.SetMethod.IsPublic) || (p.GetMethod != null && p.GetMethod.IsStatic) || (p.SetMethod != null && p.SetMethod.IsStatic))
						select p;
#endif
            var cols = new List<Column>();
            foreach (var p in props)
            {
#if !NETFX_CORE
                var ignore = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(IgnoreAttribute), true).Length > 0;
#else
				var ignore = p.GetCustomAttributes (typeof(IgnoreAttribute), true).Count() > 0;
#endif
                if (p.CanWrite && !ignore)
                {
                    cols.Add(new Column(p));
                }
            }
            Columns = cols.ToArray();
            foreach (var c in Columns)
            {
                if (c.IsAutoInc && c.IsPK)
                {
                    _autoPk = c;
                }
                if (c.IsPK)
                {
                    PK = c;
                }
            }

            HasAutoIncPK = _autoPk != null;

            if (PK != null)
            {
                GetByPrimaryKeySql = string.Format("select * from \"{0}\" where \"{1}\" = ?", TableName, PK.Name);
            }
            else
            {
                // People should not be calling Get/Find without a PK
                GetByPrimaryKeySql = string.Format("select * from \"{0}\" limit 1", TableName);
            }
        }

        public bool HasAutoIncPK { get; private set; }

        public void SetAutoIncPK(object obj, long id)
        {
            if (_autoPk != null)
            {
                _autoPk.SetValue(obj, Convert.ChangeType(id, _autoPk.ColumnType, null));
            }
        }

        public Column[] InsertColumns
        {
            get
            {
                if (_insertColumns == null)
                {
                    _insertColumns = Columns.Where(c => !c.IsAutoInc).ToArray();
                }
                return _insertColumns;
            }
        }

        public Column[] InsertOrReplaceColumns
        {
            get
            {
                if (_insertOrReplaceColumns == null)
                {
                    _insertOrReplaceColumns = Columns.ToArray();
                }
                return _insertOrReplaceColumns;
            }
        }

        public Column FindColumnWithPropertyName(string propertyName)
        {
            var exact = Columns.Where(c => c.PropertyName == propertyName).FirstOrDefault();
            return exact;
        }

        public Column FindColumn(string columnName)
        {
            var exact = Columns.Where(c => c.Name == columnName).FirstOrDefault();
            return exact;
        }

        PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand _insertCommand;
        string _insertCommandExtra = null;

        public PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand GetInsertCommand(SQLiteConnection conn, string extra)
        {
            if (_insertCommand == null)
            {
                _insertCommand = CreateInsertCommand(conn, extra);
                _insertCommandExtra = extra;
            }
            else if (_insertCommandExtra != extra)
            {
                _insertCommand.Dispose();
                _insertCommand = CreateInsertCommand(conn, extra);
                _insertCommandExtra = extra;
            }
            return _insertCommand;
        }

        private PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand CreateInsertCommand(SQLiteConnection conn, string extra)
        {
            var cols = InsertColumns;
            string insertSql;
            if (!cols.Any() && Columns.Count() == 1 && Columns[0].IsAutoInc)
            {
                insertSql = string.Format("insert {1} into \"{0}\" default values", TableName, extra);
            }
            else
            {
                var replacing = string.Compare(extra, "OR REPLACE", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) == 0;

                if (replacing)
                {
                    cols = InsertOrReplaceColumns;
                }

                insertSql = string.Format("insert {3} into \"{0}\"({1}) values ({2})", TableName,
                                   string.Join(",", (from c in cols
                                                     select "\"" + c.Name + "\"").ToArray()),
                                   string.Join(",", (from c in cols
                                                     select "?").ToArray()), extra);

            }

            var insertCommand = new PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand(conn);
            insertCommand.CommandText = insertSql;
            return insertCommand;
        }

        protected internal void Dispose()
        {
            if (_insertCommand != null)
            {
                _insertCommand.Dispose();
                _insertCommand = null;
            }
        }

        public class Column
        {
            PropertyInfo _prop;

            public string Name { get; private set; }

            public string PropertyName { get { return _prop.Name; } }

            public Type ColumnType { get; private set; }

            public string Collation { get; private set; }

            public bool IsAutoInc { get; private set; }

            public bool IsPK { get; private set; }

            public IEnumerable<IndexedAttribute> Indices { get; set; }

            public bool IsNullable { get; private set; }

            public int MaxStringLength { get; private set; }

            public Column(PropertyInfo prop)
            {
                var colAttr = (ColumnAttribute)prop.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ColumnAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault();

                _prop = prop;
                Name = colAttr == null ? prop.Name : colAttr.Name;
                //If this type is Nullable<T> then Nullable.GetUnderlyingType returns the T, otherwise it returns null, so get the the actual type instead
                ColumnType = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(prop.PropertyType) ?? prop.PropertyType;
                Collation = Orm.Collation(prop);
                IsAutoInc = Orm.IsAutoInc(prop);
                IsPK = Orm.IsPK(prop);
                Indices = Orm.GetIndices(prop);
                IsNullable = !IsPK;
                MaxStringLength = Orm.MaxStringLength(prop);
            }

            public void SetValue(object obj, object val)
            {
                _prop.SetValue(obj, val, null);
            }

            public object GetValue(object obj)
            {
                return _prop.GetValue(obj, null);
            }
        }
    }

    public static class Orm
    {
        public const int DefaultMaxStringLength = 140;

        public static string SqlDecl(TableMapping.Column p, bool storeDateTimeAsTicks)
        {
            string decl = "\"" + p.Name + "\" " + SqlType(p, storeDateTimeAsTicks) + " ";

            if (p.IsPK)
            {
                decl += "primary key ";
            }
            if (p.IsAutoInc)
            {
                decl += "autoincrement ";
            }
            if (!p.IsNullable)
            {
                decl += "not null ";
            }
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(p.Collation))
            {
                decl += "collate " + p.Collation + " ";
            }

            return decl;
        }

        public static string SqlType(TableMapping.Column p, bool storeDateTimeAsTicks)
        {
            var clrType = p.ColumnType;
            if (clrType == typeof(Boolean) || clrType == typeof(Byte) || clrType == typeof(UInt16) || clrType == typeof(SByte) || clrType == typeof(Int16) || clrType == typeof(Int32))
            {
                return "integer";
            }
            else if (clrType == typeof(UInt32) || clrType == typeof(Int64))
            {
                return "bigint";
            }
            else if (clrType == typeof(Single) || clrType == typeof(Double) || clrType == typeof(Decimal))
            {
                return "float";
            }
            else if (clrType == typeof(String))
            {
                int len = p.MaxStringLength;
                return "varchar(" + len + ")";
            }
            else if (clrType == typeof(DateTime))
            {
                return storeDateTimeAsTicks ? "bigint" : "datetime";
#if !NETFX_CORE
            }
            else if (clrType.IsEnum)
            {
#else
			} else if (clrType.GetTypeInfo().IsEnum) {
#endif
                return "integer";
            }
            else if (clrType == typeof(byte[]))
            {
                return "blob";
#if SQLITE_SUPPORT_GUID
            } else if (clrType == typeof(Guid)) {
                return "varchar(36)";
#endif
            }
            else
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Don't know about " + clrType);
            }
        }

        public static bool IsPK(MemberInfo p)
        {
            var attrs = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(PrimaryKeyAttribute), true);
#if !NETFX_CORE
            return attrs.Length > 0;
#else
			return attrs.Count() > 0;
#endif
        }

        public static string Collation(MemberInfo p)
        {
            var attrs = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(CollationAttribute), true);
#if !NETFX_CORE
            if (attrs.Length > 0)
            {
                return ((CollationAttribute)attrs[0]).Value;
#else
			if (attrs.Count() > 0) {
                return ((CollationAttribute)attrs.First()).Value;
#endif
            }
            else
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }
        }

        public static bool IsAutoInc(MemberInfo p)
        {
            var attrs = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AutoIncrementAttribute), true);
#if !NETFX_CORE
            return attrs.Length > 0;
#else
			return attrs.Count() > 0;
#endif
        }

        public static IEnumerable<IndexedAttribute> GetIndices(MemberInfo p)
        {
            var attrs = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(IndexedAttribute), true);
            return attrs.Cast<IndexedAttribute>();
        }

        public static int MaxStringLength(PropertyInfo p)
        {
            var attrs = p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(MaxLengthAttribute), true);
#if !NETFX_CORE
            if (attrs.Length > 0)
            {
                return ((MaxLengthAttribute)attrs[0]).Value;
#else
			if (attrs.Count() > 0) {
				return ((MaxLengthAttribute)attrs.First()).Value;
#endif
            }
            else
            {
                return DefaultMaxStringLength;
            }
        }
    }

    public partial class SQLiteCommand
    {
        SQLiteConnection _conn;
        private List<Binding> _bindings;

        public string CommandText { get; set; }

        internal SQLiteCommand(SQLiteConnection conn)
        {
            _conn = conn;
            _bindings = new List<Binding>();
            CommandText = "";
        }

        public int ExecuteNonQuery()
        {
            if (_conn.Trace)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine("Executing: " + this);
            }

            var r = SQLite3.Result.OK;
            var stmt = Prepare();
            r = SQLite3.Step(stmt);
            Finalize(stmt);
            if (r == SQLite3.Result.Done)
            {
                int rowsAffected = SQLite3.Changes(_conn.Handle);
                return rowsAffected;
            }
            else if (r == SQLite3.Result.Error)
            {
                string msg = SQLite3.GetErrmsg(_conn.Handle);
                throw SQLiteException.New(r, msg);
            }
            else
            {
                throw SQLiteException.New(r, r.ToString());
            }
        }

        public IEnumerable<T> ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>()
        {
            return ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>(_conn.GetMapping(typeof(T)));
        }

        public List<T> ExecuteQuery<T>()
        {
            return ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>(_conn.GetMapping(typeof(T))).ToList();
        }

        public List<T> ExecuteQuery<T>(TableMapping map)
        {
            return ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>(map).ToList();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Invoked every time an instance is loaded from the database.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name='obj'>
        /// The newly created object.
        /// </param>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This can be overridden in combination with the <see cref="SQLiteConnection.NewCommand"/>
        /// method to hook into the life-cycle of objects.
        ///
        /// Type safety is not possible because MonoTouch does not support virtual generic methods.
        /// </remarks>
        protected virtual void OnInstanceCreated(object obj)
        {
            // Can be overridden.
        }

        public IEnumerable<T> ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>(TableMapping map)
        {
            if (_conn.Trace)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine("Executing Query: " + this);
            }

            var stmt = Prepare();
            try
            {
                var cols = new TableMapping.Column[SQLite3.ColumnCount(stmt)];

                for (int i = 0; i < cols.Length; i++)
                {
                    var name = SQLite3.ColumnName16(stmt, i);
                    cols[i] = map.FindColumn(name);
                }

                while (SQLite3.Step(stmt) == SQLite3.Result.Row)
                {
                    var obj = Activator.CreateInstance(map.MappedType);
                    for (int i = 0; i < cols.Length; i++)
                    {
                        if (cols[i] == null)
                            continue;
                        var colType = SQLite3.ColumnType(stmt, i);
                        var val = ReadCol(stmt, i, colType, cols[i].ColumnType);
                        cols[i].SetValue(obj, val);
                    }
                    OnInstanceCreated(obj);
                    yield return (T)obj;
                }
            }
            finally
            {
                SQLite3.Finalize(stmt);
            }
        }

        public T ExecuteScalar<T>()
        {
            if (_conn.Trace)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine("Executing Query: " + this);
            }

            T val = default(T);

            var stmt = Prepare();
            if (SQLite3.Step(stmt) == SQLite3.Result.Row)
            {
                var colType = SQLite3.ColumnType(stmt, 0);
                //Check for null columns
                if (colType != SQLiteWin32.SQLite3.ColType.Null)
                {
                    val = (T)ReadCol(stmt, 0, colType, typeof(T));
                }
            }
            Finalize(stmt);

            return val;
        }

        public void Bind(string name, object val)
        {
            _bindings.Add(new Binding
            {
                Name = name,
                Value = val
            });
        }

        public void Bind(object val)
        {
            Bind(null, val);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            var parts = new string[1 + _bindings.Count];
            parts[0] = CommandText;
            var i = 1;
            foreach (var b in _bindings)
            {
                parts[i] = string.Format("  {0}: {1}", i - 1, b.Value);
                i++;
            }
            return string.Join(Environment.NewLine, parts);
        }

        Sqlite3Statement Prepare()
        {
            var stmt = SQLite3.Prepare2(_conn.Handle, CommandText);
            BindAll(stmt);
            return stmt;
        }

        void Finalize(Sqlite3Statement stmt)
        {
            SQLite3.Finalize(stmt);
        }

        void BindAll(Sqlite3Statement stmt)
        {
            int nextIdx = 1;
            foreach (var b in _bindings)
            {
                if (b.Name != null)
                {
                    b.Index = SQLite3.BindParameterIndex(stmt, b.Name);
                }
                else
                {
                    b.Index = nextIdx++;
                }

                BindParameter(stmt, b.Index, b.Value, _conn.StoreDateTimeAsTicks);
            }
        }

        internal static IntPtr NegativePointer = new IntPtr(-1);

        internal static void BindParameter(Sqlite3Statement stmt, int index, object value, bool storeDateTimeAsTicks)
        {
            if (value == null)
            {
                SQLite3.BindNull(stmt, index);
            }
            else
            {
                if (value is Int32)
                {
                    SQLite3.BindInt(stmt, index, (int)value);
                }
                else if (value is String)
                {
                    SQLite3.BindText(stmt, index, (string)value, -1, NegativePointer);
                }
                else if (value is Byte || value is UInt16 || value is SByte || value is Int16)
                {
                    SQLite3.BindInt(stmt, index, Convert.ToInt32(value));
                }
                else if (value is Boolean)
                {
                    SQLite3.BindInt(stmt, index, (bool)value ? 1 : 0);
                }
                else if (value is UInt32 || value is Int64)
                {
                    SQLite3.BindInt64(stmt, index, Convert.ToInt64(value));
                }
                else if (value is Single || value is Double || value is Decimal)
                {
                    SQLite3.BindDouble(stmt, index, Convert.ToDouble(value));
                }
                else if (value is DateTime)
                {
                    if (storeDateTimeAsTicks)
                    {
                        SQLite3.BindInt64(stmt, index, ((DateTime)value).Ticks);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        SQLite3.BindText(stmt, index, ((DateTime)value).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), -1, NegativePointer);
                    }
#if !NETFX_CORE
                }
                else if (value.GetType().IsEnum)
                {
#else
				} else if (value.GetType().GetTypeInfo().IsEnum) {
#endif
                    SQLite3.BindInt(stmt, index, Convert.ToInt32(value));
                }
                else if (value is byte[])
                {
                    SQLite3.BindBlob(stmt, index, (byte[])value, ((byte[])value).Length, NegativePointer);
#if SQLITE_SUPPORT_GUID
                } else if (value is Guid) {
                    SQLite3.BindText(stmt, index, ((Guid)value).ToString(), 72, NegativePointer);
#endif
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot store type: " + value.GetType());
                }
            }
        }

        class Binding
        {
            public string Name { get; set; }

            public object Value { get; set; }

            public int Index { get; set; }
        }

        object ReadCol(Sqlite3Statement stmt, int index, SQLite3.ColType type, Type clrType)
        {
            if (type == SQLite3.ColType.Null)
            {
                return null;
            }
            else
            {
                if (clrType == typeof(String))
                {
                    return SQLite3.ColumnString(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(Int32))
                {
                    return (int)SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(Boolean))
                {
                    return SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index) == 1;
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(double))
                {
                    return SQLite3.ColumnDouble(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(float))
                {
                    return (float)SQLite3.ColumnDouble(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(DateTime))
                {
                    if (_conn.StoreDateTimeAsTicks)
                    {
                        return new DateTime(SQLite3.ColumnInt64(stmt, index));
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        var text = SQLite3.ColumnString(stmt, index);
                        return DateTime.Parse(text);
                    }
#if !NETFX_CORE
                }
                else if (clrType.IsEnum)
                {
#else
				} else if (clrType.GetTypeInfo().IsEnum) {
#endif
                    return SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(Int64))
                {
                    return SQLite3.ColumnInt64(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(UInt32))
                {
                    return (uint)SQLite3.ColumnInt64(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(decimal))
                {
                    return (decimal)SQLite3.ColumnDouble(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(Byte))
                {
                    return (byte)SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(UInt16))
                {
                    return (ushort)SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(Int16))
                {
                    return (short)SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(sbyte))
                {
                    return (sbyte)SQLite3.ColumnInt(stmt, index);
                }
                else if (clrType == typeof(byte[]))
                {
                    return SQLite3.ColumnByteArray(stmt, index);
#if SQLITE_SUPPORT_GUID
				} else if (clrType == typeof(Guid)) {
                  var text = SQLite3.ColumnString(stmt, index);
                  return new Guid(text);
#endif
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException("Don't know how to read " + clrType);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Since the insert never changed, we only need to prepare once.
    /// </summary>
    public class PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand : IDisposable
    {
        public bool Initialized { get; set; }

        protected SQLiteConnection Connection { get; set; }

        public string CommandText { get; set; }

        protected Sqlite3Statement Statement { get; set; }
#if USE_CSHARP_SQLITE
		internal static readonly Sqlite3Statement NullStatement = null;
#else
        internal static readonly Sqlite3Statement NullStatement = IntPtr.Zero;
#endif

        internal PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand(SQLiteConnection conn)
        {
            Connection = conn;
        }

        public int ExecuteNonQuery(object[] source)
        {
            if (Connection.Trace)
            {
                Debug.WriteLine("Executing: " + CommandText);
            }

            var r = SQLite3.Result.OK;

            if (!Initialized)
            {
                Statement = Prepare();
                Initialized = true;
            }

            //bind the values.
            if (source != null)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < source.Length; i++)
                {
                    SQLiteCommand.BindParameter(Statement, i + 1, source[i], Connection.StoreDateTimeAsTicks);
                }
            }
            r = SQLite3.Step(Statement);

            if (r == SQLite3.Result.Done)
            {
                int rowsAffected = SQLite3.Changes(Connection.Handle);
                SQLite3.Reset(Statement);
                return rowsAffected;
            }
            else if (r == SQLite3.Result.Error)
            {
                string msg = SQLite3.GetErrmsg(Connection.Handle);
                SQLite3.Reset(Statement);
                throw SQLiteException.New(r, msg);
            }
            else
            {
                SQLite3.Reset(Statement);
                throw SQLiteException.New(r, r.ToString());
            }
        }

        protected virtual Sqlite3Statement Prepare()
        {
            var stmt = SQLite3.Prepare2(Connection.Handle, CommandText);
            return stmt;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(true);
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        private void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (Statement != NullStatement)
            {
                try
                {
                    SQLite3.Finalize(Statement);
                }
                finally
                {
                    Statement = NullStatement;
                    Connection = null;
                }
            }
        }

        ~PreparedSqlLiteInsertCommand()
        {
            Dispose(false);
        }
    }

    public abstract class BaseTableQuery
    {
        protected class Ordering
        {
            public string ColumnName { get; set; }
            public bool Ascending { get; set; }
        }
    }

    public class TableQuery<T> : BaseTableQuery, IEnumerable<T>, ITableQuery<T>
    {
        public SQLiteConnection Connection { get; private set; }

        public TableMapping Table { get; private set; }

        Expression _where;
        List<Ordering> _orderBys;
        int? _limit;
        int? _offset;

        BaseTableQuery _joinInner;
        Expression _joinInnerKeySelector;
        BaseTableQuery _joinOuter;
        Expression _joinOuterKeySelector;
        Expression _joinSelector;

        Expression _selector;

        TableQuery(SQLiteConnection conn, TableMapping table)
        {
            Connection = conn;
            Table = table;
        }

        public TableQuery(SQLiteConnection conn)
        {
            Connection = conn;
            Table = Connection.GetMapping(typeof(T));
        }

        public ITableQuery<U> Clone<U>()
        {
            var q = new TableQuery<U>(Connection, Table);
            q._where = _where;
            q._deferred = _deferred;
            if (_orderBys != null)
            {
                q._orderBys = new List<Ordering>(_orderBys);
            }
            q._limit = _limit;
            q._offset = _offset;
            q._joinInner = _joinInner;
            q._joinInnerKeySelector = _joinInnerKeySelector;
            q._joinOuter = _joinOuter;
            q._joinOuterKeySelector = _joinOuterKeySelector;
            q._joinSelector = _joinSelector;
            q._selector = _selector;
            return q;
        }

        public ITableQuery<T> Where(Expression<Func<T, bool>> predExpr)
        {
            if (predExpr.NodeType == ExpressionType.Lambda)
            {
                var lambda = (LambdaExpression)predExpr;
                var pred = lambda.Body;
                var q = Clone<T>();
                ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q).AddWhere(pred);
                return q;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Must be a predicate");
            }
        }

        public ITableQuery<T> Take(int n)
        {
            var q = Clone<T>();
            ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._limit = n;
            return q;
        }

        public ITableQuery<T> Skip(int n)
        {
            var q = Clone<T>();
            ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._offset = n;
            return q;
        }

        public T ElementAt(int index)
        {
            return Skip(index).Take(1).First();
        }

        bool _deferred = false;
        public ITableQuery<T> Deferred()
        {
            var q = Clone<T>();
            ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._deferred = true;
            return q;
        }

        public ITableQuery<T> OrderBy<U>(Expression<Func<T, U>> orderExpr)
        {
            return AddOrderBy<U>(orderExpr, true);
        }

        public ITableQuery<T> OrderByDescending<U>(Expression<Func<T, U>> orderExpr)
        {
            return AddOrderBy<U>(orderExpr, false);
        }

        private TableQuery<T> AddOrderBy<U>(Expression<Func<T, U>> orderExpr, bool asc)
        {
            if (orderExpr.NodeType == ExpressionType.Lambda)
            {
                var lambda = (LambdaExpression)orderExpr;

                MemberExpression mem = null;

                var unary = lambda.Body as UnaryExpression;
                if (unary != null && unary.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert)
                {
                    mem = unary.Operand as MemberExpression;
                }
                else
                {
                    mem = lambda.Body as MemberExpression;
                }

                if (mem != null && (mem.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter))
                {
                    var q = Clone<T>();
                    if (((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._orderBys == null)
                    {
                        ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._orderBys = new List<Ordering>();
                    }
                    ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._orderBys.Add(new Ordering
                    {
                        ColumnName = Table.FindColumnWithPropertyName(mem.Member.Name).Name,
                        Ascending = asc
                    });
                    return ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q);
                }
                else
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException("Order By does not support: " + orderExpr);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Must be a predicate");
            }
        }

        private void AddWhere(Expression pred)
        {
            if (_where == null)
            {
                _where = pred;
            }
            else
            {
                _where = Expression.AndAlso(_where, pred);
            }
        }

        public ITableQuery<TResult> Join<TInner, TKey, TResult>(
            ITableQuery<TInner> inner,
            Expression<Func<T, TKey>> outerKeySelector,
            Expression<Func<TInner, TKey>> innerKeySelector,
            Expression<Func<T, TInner, TResult>> resultSelector)
        {
            var q = new TableQuery<TResult>(Connection, Connection.GetMapping(typeof(TResult)))
            {
                _joinOuter = this,
                _joinOuterKeySelector = outerKeySelector,
                _joinInner = (SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)inner,
                _joinInnerKeySelector = innerKeySelector,
                _joinSelector = resultSelector,
            };
            return q;
        }

        public ITableQuery<TResult> Select<TResult>(Expression<Func<T, TResult>> selector)
        {
            var q = Clone<TResult>();
            ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)q)._selector = selector;
            return q;
        }

        private SQLiteCommand GenerateCommand(string selectionList)
        {
            if (_joinInner != null && _joinOuter != null)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Joins are not supported.");
            }
            else
            {
                var cmdText = "select " + selectionList + " from \"" + Table.TableName + "\"";
                var args = new List<object>();
                if (_where != null)
                {
                    var w = CompileExpr(_where, args);
                    cmdText += " where " + w.CommandText;
                }
                if ((_orderBys != null) && (_orderBys.Count > 0))
                {
                    var t = string.Join(", ", _orderBys.Select(o => "\"" + o.ColumnName + "\"" + (o.Ascending ? "" : " desc")).ToArray());
                    cmdText += " order by " + t;
                }
                if (_limit.HasValue)
                {
                    cmdText += " limit " + _limit.Value;
                }
                if (_offset.HasValue)
                {
                    if (!_limit.HasValue)
                    {
                        cmdText += " limit -1 ";
                    }
                    cmdText += " offset " + _offset.Value;
                }
                return Connection.CreateCommand(cmdText, args.ToArray());
            }
        }

        class CompileResult
        {
            public string CommandText { get; set; }

            public object Value { get; set; }
        }

        private CompileResult CompileExpr(Expression expr, List<object> queryArgs)
        {
            if (expr == null)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException("Expression is NULL");
            }
            else if (expr is BinaryExpression)
            {
                var bin = (BinaryExpression)expr;

                var leftr = CompileExpr(bin.Left, queryArgs);
                var rightr = CompileExpr(bin.Right, queryArgs);

                //If either side is a parameter and is null, then handle the other side specially (for "is null"/"is not null")
                string text;
                if (leftr.CommandText == "?" && leftr.Value == null)
                    text = CompileNullBinaryExpression(bin, rightr);
                else if (rightr.CommandText == "?" && rightr.Value == null)
                    text = CompileNullBinaryExpression(bin, leftr);
                else
                    text = "(" + leftr.CommandText + " " + GetSqlName(bin) + " " + rightr.CommandText + ")";
                return new CompileResult { CommandText = text };
            }
            else if (expr.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call)
            {

                var call = (MethodCallExpression)expr;
                var args = new CompileResult[call.Arguments.Count];
                var obj = call.Object != null ? CompileExpr(call.Object, queryArgs) : null;

                for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
                {
                    args[i] = CompileExpr(call.Arguments[i], queryArgs);
                }

                var sqlCall = "";

                if (call.Method.Name == "Like" && args.Length == 2)
                {
                    sqlCall = "(" + args[0].CommandText + " like " + args[1].CommandText + ")";
                }
                else if (call.Method.Name == "Contains" && args.Length == 2)
                {
                    sqlCall = "(" + args[1].CommandText + " in " + args[0].CommandText + ")";
                }
                else if (call.Method.Name == "Contains" && args.Length == 1)
                {
                    if (call.Object != null && call.Object.Type == typeof(string))
                    {
                        sqlCall = "(" + obj.CommandText + " like ('%' || " + args[0].CommandText + " || '%'))";
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        sqlCall = "(" + args[0].CommandText + " in " + obj.CommandText + ")";
                    }
                }
                else if (call.Method.Name == "StartsWith" && args.Length == 1)
                {
                    sqlCall = "(" + obj.CommandText + " like (" + args[0].CommandText + " || '%'))";
                }
                else if (call.Method.Name == "EndsWith" && args.Length == 1)
                {
                    sqlCall = "(" + obj.CommandText + " like ('%' || " + args[0].CommandText + "))";
                }
                else
                {
                    sqlCall = call.Method.Name.ToLower() + "(" + string.Join(",", args.Select(a => a.CommandText).ToArray()) + ")";
                }
                return new CompileResult { CommandText = sqlCall };

            }
            else if (expr.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant)
            {
                var c = (ConstantExpression)expr;
                queryArgs.Add(c.Value);
                return new CompileResult
                {
                    CommandText = "?",
                    Value = c.Value
                };
            }
            else if (expr.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert)
            {
                var u = (UnaryExpression)expr;
                var ty = u.Type;
                var valr = CompileExpr(u.Operand, queryArgs);
                return new CompileResult
                {
                    CommandText = valr.CommandText,
                    Value = valr.Value != null ? ConvertTo(valr.Value, ty) : null
                };
            }
            else if (expr.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
            {
                var mem = (MemberExpression)expr;

                if (mem.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter)
                {
                    //
                    // This is a column of our table, output just the column name
                    // Need to translate it if that column name is mapped
                    //
                    var columnName = Table.FindColumnWithPropertyName(mem.Member.Name).Name;
                    return new CompileResult { CommandText = "\"" + columnName + "\"" };
                }
                else
                {
                    object obj = null;
                    if (mem.Expression != null)
                    {
                        var r = CompileExpr(mem.Expression, queryArgs);
                        if (r.Value == null)
                        {
                            throw new NotSupportedException("Member access failed to compile expression");
                        }
                        if (r.CommandText == "?")
                        {
                            queryArgs.RemoveAt(queryArgs.Count - 1);
                        }
                        obj = r.Value;
                    }

                    //
                    // Get the member value
                    //
                    object val = null;

#if !NETFX_CORE
                    if (mem.Member.MemberType == MemberTypes.Property)
                    {
#else
					if (mem.Member is PropertyInfo) {
#endif
                        var m = (PropertyInfo)mem.Member;
                        val = m.GetValue(obj, null);
#if !NETFX_CORE
                    }
                    else if (mem.Member.MemberType == MemberTypes.Field)
                    {
#else
					} else if (mem.Member is FieldInfo) {
#endif
#if SILVERLIGHT
						val = Expression.Lambda (expr).Compile ().DynamicInvoke ();
#else
                        var m = (FieldInfo)mem.Member;
                        val = m.GetValue(obj);
#endif
                    }
                    else
                    {
#if !NETFX_CORE
                        throw new NotSupportedException("MemberExpr: " + mem.Member.MemberType.ToString());
#else
						throw new NotSupportedException ("MemberExpr: " + mem.Member.DeclaringType.ToString ());
#endif
                    }

                    //
                    // Work special magic for enumerables
                    //
                    if (val != null && val is System.Collections.IEnumerable && !(val is string))
                    {
                        var sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
                        sb.Append("(");
                        var head = "";
                        foreach (var a in (System.Collections.IEnumerable)val)
                        {
                            queryArgs.Add(a);
                            sb.Append(head);
                            sb.Append("?");
                            head = ",";
                        }
                        sb.Append(")");
                        return new CompileResult
                        {
                            CommandText = sb.ToString(),
                            Value = val
                        };
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        queryArgs.Add(val);
                        return new CompileResult
                        {
                            CommandText = "?",
                            Value = val
                        };
                    }
                }
            }
            throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot compile: " + expr.NodeType.ToString());
        }

        static object ConvertTo(object obj, Type t)
        {
            Type nut = Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(t);

            if (nut != null)
            {
                if (obj == null) return null;
                return Convert.ChangeType(obj, nut);
            }
            else
            {
                return Convert.ChangeType(obj, t);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Compiles a BinaryExpression where one of the parameters is null.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parameter">The non-null parameter</param>
        private string CompileNullBinaryExpression(BinaryExpression expression, CompileResult parameter)
        {
            if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Equal)
                return "(" + parameter.CommandText + " is ?)";
            else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.NotEqual)
                return "(" + parameter.CommandText + " is not ?)";
            else
                throw new NotSupportedException("Cannot compile Null-BinaryExpression with type " + expression.NodeType.ToString());
        }

        string GetSqlName(Expression expr)
        {
            var n = expr.NodeType;
            if (n == ExpressionType.GreaterThan)
                return ">";
            else if (n == ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual)
            {
                return ">=";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.LessThan)
            {
                return "<";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual)
            {
                return "<=";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.And)
            {
                return "&";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.AndAlso)
            {
                return "and";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.Or)
            {
                return "|";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.OrElse)
            {
                return "or";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.Equal)
            {
                return "=";
            }
            else if (n == ExpressionType.NotEqual)
            {
                return "!=";
            }
            else
            {
                throw new System.NotSupportedException("Cannot get SQL for: " + n.ToString());
            }
        }

        public int Count()
        {
            return GenerateCommand("count(*)").ExecuteScalar<int>();
        }

        public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
        {
            if (!_deferred)
                return GenerateCommand("*").ExecuteQuery<T>().GetEnumerator();

            return GenerateCommand("*").ExecuteDeferredQuery<T>().GetEnumerator();
        }

        System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
        {
            return GetEnumerator();
        }

        public T First()
        {
            var query = Take(1);
            return ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)query).ToList<T>().First();
        }

        public T FirstOrDefault()
        {
            var query = this.Take(1);
            return ((SQLiteWin32.TableQuery<T>)query).ToList<T>().FirstOrDefault();
        }
    }

    public static class SQLite3
    {
        public enum Result : int
        {
            OK = 0,
            Error = 1,
            Internal = 2,
            Perm = 3,
            Abort = 4,
            Busy = 5,
            Locked = 6,
            NoMem = 7,
            ReadOnly = 8,
            Interrupt = 9,
            IOError = 10,
            Corrupt = 11,
            NotFound = 12,
            Full = 13,
            CannotOpen = 14,
            LockErr = 15,
            Empty = 16,
            SchemaChngd = 17,
            TooBig = 18,
            Constraint = 19,
            Mismatch = 20,
            Misuse = 21,
            NotImplementedLFS = 22,
            AccessDenied = 23,
            Format = 24,
            Range = 25,
            NonDBFile = 26,
            Row = 100,
            Done = 101
        }

        public enum ConfigOption : int
        {
            SingleThread = 1,
            MultiThread = 2,
            Serialized = 3
        }

#if !USE_CSHARP_SQLITE
        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_open", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Open([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string filename, out IntPtr db);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_open_v2", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Open([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string filename, out IntPtr db, int flags, IntPtr zvfs);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_open_v2", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Open(byte[] filename, out IntPtr db, int flags, IntPtr zvfs);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_open16", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Open16([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string filename, out IntPtr db);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_close", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Close(IntPtr db);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_config", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Config(ConfigOption option);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_win32_set_directory", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern int SetDirectory(uint directoryType, string directoryPath);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_busy_timeout", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result BusyTimeout(IntPtr db, int milliseconds);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_changes", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int Changes(IntPtr db);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_prepare_v2", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Prepare2(IntPtr db, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string sql, int numBytes, out IntPtr stmt, IntPtr pzTail);

        public static IntPtr Prepare2(IntPtr db, string query)
        {
            IntPtr stmt;
            var r = Prepare2(db, query, query.Length, out stmt, IntPtr.Zero);
            if (r != Result.OK)
            {
                throw SQLiteException.New(r, GetErrmsg(db));
            }
            return stmt;
        }

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_step", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Step(IntPtr stmt);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_reset", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Reset(IntPtr stmt);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_finalize", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern Result Finalize(IntPtr stmt);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_last_insert_rowid", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern long LastInsertRowid(IntPtr db);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_errmsg16", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern IntPtr Errmsg(IntPtr db);

        public static string GetErrmsg(IntPtr db)
        {
            return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(Errmsg(db));
        }

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_parameter_index", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int BindParameterIndex(IntPtr stmt, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string name);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_null", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int BindNull(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_int", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int BindInt(IntPtr stmt, int index, int val);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_int64", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int BindInt64(IntPtr stmt, int index, long val);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_double", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int BindDouble(IntPtr stmt, int index, double val);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_text16", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern int BindText(IntPtr stmt, int index, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string val, int n, IntPtr free);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_bind_blob", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int BindBlob(IntPtr stmt, int index, byte[] val, int n, IntPtr free);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_count", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int ColumnCount(IntPtr stmt);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_name", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern IntPtr ColumnName(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_name16", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        private static extern IntPtr ColumnName16Internal(IntPtr stmt, int index);
        public static string ColumnName16(IntPtr stmt, int index)
        {
            return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(ColumnName16Internal(stmt, index));
        }

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_type", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern ColType ColumnType(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_int", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int ColumnInt(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_int64", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern long ColumnInt64(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_double", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern double ColumnDouble(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_text", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern IntPtr ColumnText(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_text16", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern IntPtr ColumnText16(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_blob", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern IntPtr ColumnBlob(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        [DllImport("sqlite3", EntryPoint = "sqlite3_column_bytes", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        public static extern int ColumnBytes(IntPtr stmt, int index);

        public static string ColumnString(IntPtr stmt, int index)
        {
            return Marshal.PtrToStringUni(SQLite3.ColumnText16(stmt, index));
        }

        public static byte[] ColumnByteArray(IntPtr stmt, int index)
        {
            int length = ColumnBytes(stmt, index);
            byte[] result = new byte[length];
            if (length > 0)
                Marshal.Copy(ColumnBlob(stmt, index), result, 0, length);
            return result;
        }
#else

        public static Result Open(string filename, out Sqlite3.sqlite3 db)
        {
            return (Result) Sqlite3.sqlite3_open(filename, out db);
        }

		public static Result Open(string filename, out Sqlite3.sqlite3 db, int flags, IntPtr zVfs)
		{
			return (Result)Sqlite3.sqlite3_open_v2(filename, out db, flags, null);
		}

		public static Result Close(Sqlite3.sqlite3 db)
		{
			return (Result)Sqlite3.sqlite3_close(db);
		}

		public static Result BusyTimeout(Sqlite3.sqlite3 db, int milliseconds)
		{
			return (Result)Sqlite3.sqlite3_busy_timeout(db, milliseconds);
		}

		public static int Changes(Sqlite3.sqlite3 db)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_changes(db);
		}

		public static Sqlite3.Vdbe Prepare2(Sqlite3.sqlite3 db, string query)
		{
			Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt = new Sqlite3.Vdbe();
			var r = Sqlite3.sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, query, System.Text.UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(query), ref stmt, 0);
			if (r != 0)
			{
				throw SQLiteException.New((Result)r, GetErrmsg(db));
			}
			return stmt;
		}

		public static Result Step(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt)
		{
			return (Result)Sqlite3.sqlite3_step(stmt);
		}

		public static Result Reset(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt)
		{
			return (Result)Sqlite3.sqlite3_reset(stmt);
		}

		public static Result Finalize(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt)
		{
			return (Result)Sqlite3.sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
		}

		public static long LastInsertRowid(Sqlite3.sqlite3 db)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(db);
		}

		public static string GetErrmsg(Sqlite3.sqlite3 db)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_errmsg(db);
		}

		public static int BindParameterIndex(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, string name)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(stmt, name);
		}

		public static int BindNull(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_null(stmt, index);
		}

		public static int BindInt(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index, int val)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_int(stmt, index, val);
		}

		public static int BindInt64(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index, long val)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_int64(stmt, index, val);
		}

		public static int BindDouble(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index, double val)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_double(stmt, index, val);
		}

		public static int BindText(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index, string val, int n, IntPtr free)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, index, val, n, null);
		}

		public static int BindBlob(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index, byte[] val, int n, IntPtr free)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_bind_blob(stmt, index, val, n, null);
		}

		public static int ColumnCount(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_count(stmt);
		}

		public static string ColumnName(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_name(stmt, index);
		}

		public static string ColumnName16(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_name(stmt, index);
		}

		public static ColType ColumnType(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return (ColType)Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_type(stmt, index);
		}

		public static int ColumnInt(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_int(stmt, index);
		}

		public static long ColumnInt64(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_int64(stmt, index);
		}

		public static double ColumnDouble(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_double(stmt, index);
		}

		public static string ColumnText(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_text(stmt, index);
		}

		public static string ColumnText16(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_text(stmt, index);
		}

		public static byte[] ColumnBlob(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_blob(stmt, index);
		}

		public static int ColumnBytes(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_bytes(stmt, index);
		}

		public static string ColumnString(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return Sqlite3.sqlite3_column_text(stmt, index);
		}

		public static byte[] ColumnByteArray(Sqlite3.Vdbe stmt, int index)
		{
			return ColumnBlob(stmt, index);
		}
#endif

        public enum ColType : int
        {
            Integer = 1,
            Float = 2,
            Text = 3,
            Blob = 4,
            Null = 5
        }
    }
}